How JPEG Compression Works
JPEG uses lossy compression, which means it permanently removes some image data to achieve smaller file sizes. The compression works by:
- Color space conversion - Converting from RGB to YCbCr, where the human eye is less sensitive to color variations
- Chroma subsampling - Reducing color resolution since we perceive brightness changes more than color changes
- Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) - Converting image blocks into frequency components
- Quantization - Reducing precision of frequency components (this is where quality loss occurs)
Best Practices for JPEG Compression
Follow these guidelines to get the best results when compressing JPEG images:
- Start with high-quality originals - Always compress from the original file, not a previously compressed version
- Use appropriate quality settings - 70-80% for web, 85-95% for print
- Consider the content - Photos with smooth gradients compress better than graphics with sharp edges
- Test before publishing - Preview compressed images at actual display size to check for artifacts
When to Use JPEG
JPEG is ideal for:
- Photographs and realistic images with many colors
- Images with smooth gradients and color transitions
- Web images where file size is more important than perfect quality
- Email attachments and social media sharing
JPEG is not recommended for:
- Graphics with text, logos, or sharp edges (use PNG instead)
- Images requiring transparency (use PNG or WebP)
- Images that will be edited multiple times (use lossless formats for editing)